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Visualizing Hyporheic Flow Through Bedforms Using Dye Experiments and Simulation
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Published on: November 18, 2015

Lidar equation for ocean surface and subsurface.

Damien Josset1, Peng-Wang Zhai, Yongxiang Hu

  • 1NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA. damien.josset@aero.jussieu.fr

Optics Express
|October 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study revises the ocean lidar equation, correcting subsurface signal calculations for improved accuracy in future oceanographic research. The updated equation enhances understanding of light interaction within marine environments.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean optics
  • Remote sensing
  • Lidar technology

Background:

  • Existing lidar equations for oceanographic applications require refinement.
  • Recent advancements in radiative transfer and ocean color provide new insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To revisit and correct the lidar equation for optical wavelengths, specifically addressing subsurface signals.
  • To improve the accuracy of specular and subsurface echo terms in lidar research.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporating recent findings from radiative transfer and ocean color communities.
  • Analyzing and correcting the heritage of specular and subsurface echo terms.
  • Developing a revised expression for lidar return.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a corrected expression for specular and subsurface lidar return.
  • The previous formalism was found to inaccurately represent angular dependency and overestimate subsurface signals by 89%–194% for nadir-pointing lidar.
  • The corrected equation offers a more accurate representation of lidar interactions with the ocean.

Conclusions:

  • The revised lidar equation provides a more accurate basis for oceanographic lidar studies.
  • Future research can benefit from these corrections for enhanced subsurface signal analysis.
  • The findings highlight the importance of refining remote sensing models for accurate marine environment characterization.