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Related Concept Videos

Angular Momentum01:21

Angular Momentum

Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
Angular Momentum: Single Particle01:10

Angular Momentum: Single Particle

Angular momentum is directed perpendicular to the plane of the rotation, and its magnitude depends on the choice of the origin. The perpendicular vector joining the linear momentum vector of an object to the origin is called the “lever arm.” If the lever arm and linear momentum are collinear, then the magnitude of the angular momentum is zero. Therefore, in this case, the object rotates about the origin such that it lies on the rim of the circumference defined by the lever arm magnitude.
The...
Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a change...
Angular Momentum: Rigid Body01:11

Angular Momentum: Rigid Body

The total angular momentum of a rigid body can be calculated using the summation of the angular momentum of all the tiny particles rotating in the same plane. Considering all the tiny particles rotating in the x-y plane, the direction of angular momentum of all such particles and that of the rigid body would be perpendicular to the plane of the rotation along the z-axis.
This calculation can get complicated when tiny particles within the rigid body are not rotating in the same plane but have...
Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis01:11

Angular Momentum about an Arbitrary Axis

Imagine a rigid body with a mass denoted as 'm', which has its center of mass at point G and is rotating around an inertial reference frame. The angular momentum at an arbitrary point P can be calculated by taking the cross product of the position vector and linear momentum vector for each individual mass element.
The velocity of a mass element comprises its translational velocity and the relative velocity instigated by the body's rotation. Substituting the velocity equation into the angular...
Conservation of Angular Momentum01:09

Conservation of Angular Momentum

A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce internal...

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Fabrication and Characterization of High-Q Silicon Nitride Membrane Resonators
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Pure angular momentum generator using a ring resonator.

Y F Yu1, Y H Fu, X M Zhang

  • 1School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore.

Optics Express
|October 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a pure angular momentum generator using nano-rods and a ring resonator. This device creates rotating electromagnetic fields for potential applications in particle manipulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Nanotechnology
  • Electromagnetism

Background:

  • Ring resonators support circulating light waves.
  • Nano-rods can scatter light and influence electromagnetic fields.
  • Generating pure angular momentum is crucial for advanced optical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a novel pure angular momentum generator.
  • To investigate the generation of rotating electromagnetic fields with only angular momentum.
  • To explore applications in trapping and rotating small particles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a ring resonator surrounded by nano-rods.
  • Exploiting evanescent wave scattering from circulating light.
  • Analyzing the relationship between Whispering Gallery modes, rod number, and angular order.

Main Results:

  • A pure angular momentum generator was successfully demonstrated.
  • The generated rotating electromagnetic field possesses only angular momentum.
  • The angular order is determined by mode order and rod count; rotating frequency is light frequency divided by angular order.
  • Maximum field amplitude can be 10x the input field with 36 rods (120 nm radius, 1.6 refractive index).

Conclusions:

  • The developed device functions as a pure angular momentum generator.
  • This technology offers a new platform for optical trapping and manipulation of micro/nano particles.
  • The findings open avenues for advanced light-matter interaction studies.