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Related Concept Videos

Light Acquisition02:16

Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
Galvanometer01:24

Galvanometer

Common devices, including car instrument panels, battery chargers, and inexpensive electrical instruments, measure potential difference (voltage), current, or resistance using a d'Arsonval galvanometer. This electromechanical instrument is also known as a moving coil galvanometer.
The galvanometer consists of  two concave-shaped permanent magnets, providing a uniform radial magnetic field in the annular region. In the center, a pivoted coil of fine copper wire is placed in the uniform magnetic...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

The all-sky camera revitalized.

I Oznovich, R Yee, A Schiffler

    Applied Optics
    |October 14, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A refurbished all-sky camera system now captures digital images of airglow and aurora in northern Canada. This modernized, low-cost system provides corrected data for studying phenomena like auroral spirals.

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    Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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    10:35

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    Published on: February 12, 2013

    Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
    06:28

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    Area of Science:

    • Aeronomy
    • Space Physics
    • Geophysics

    Background:

    • All-sky cameras have been used since the 1950s for aeronomy and space physics.
    • Traditional systems require modernization for digital data acquisition and archiving.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To refurbish an all-sky camera with a modern digital control, digitization, and archiving system.
    • To enable continuous, low-cost, unmanned monitoring of airglow and aurora.
    • To apply advanced data processing for scientific analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Continuous integration and recording of monochromatic and broadband digital images.
    • Implementation of radiometric corrections: noise subtraction, flat-field normalization, and absolute calibration.
    • Geometric correction using star positions and projection onto geographic/geomagnetic coordinates.

    Main Results:

    • A functional, low-cost, unmanned all-sky imaging system was established in northern Canada.
    • Processed digital images of airglow and aurora are available for research.
    • Demonstrated application of corrected images to the study of auroral spirals.

    Conclusions:

    • The refurbished all-sky camera system enhances the capability for studying dynamic atmospheric phenomena.
    • Modernized digital imaging and processing provide valuable data for aeronomy and space physics research.
    • The system facilitates detailed analysis of events like auroral spirals.