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Reflection of Waves

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

Propagation of Waves

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When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...

Standing Waves in a Cavity

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

$Interference and Diffraction$ 02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

$Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics$

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Published on: September 10, 2018

Cylindrical-wave reflection and antireflection at media interfaces.

Y Jiang, J Hacker

|October 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Total internal reflection of cylindrical waves is possible at small-radius interfaces, aiding optical device design. New principles are needed for multicylindrical-layer antireflection coatings.

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Area of Science:

Optics
Wave Phenomena
Materials Science

Background:

Cylindrical wave reflection is crucial for optical devices.
Understanding interface properties is key for designing optical sources and receivers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cylindrical-wave reflection at cylindrical interfaces.
To explore the design principles for cylindrical-wave multicylindrical-layer antireflection coatings.

Main Methods:

Utilized a transfer-matrix method for analysis.
Studied reflection phenomena at interfaces of varying radii.

Main Results:

Total reflection occurs at small-radius interfaces, partial reflection at large radii.
Conventional quarter-wavelength designs are unsuitable for multicylindrical-layer coatings.

Conclusions:

Small-radius interfaces offer potential for total reflection, useful in optical device design.
New design principles are required for effective cylindrical-wave antireflection coatings.