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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Regulatory CD4(-)CD8(-) double negative T cells.

Edward Y Kim1, Stephen C Juvet, Li Zhang

  • 1Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral double-negative (DN) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are rare immune cells that suppress immune responses. This chapter details methods for identifying, isolating, and functionally assessing these crucial regulatory T cells.

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14:23

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets
07:12

Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Published on: April 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Peripheral double-negative (DN) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a rare subset of T cells, comprising less than 5% of the total peripheral T-cell pool in humans and mice.
  • These cells are known to inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses through various mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of established methods for working with DN Tregs.
  • It aims to guide researchers in the identification, isolation, activation, expansion, and functional assessment of these regulatory cells.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic identification using specific cell surface markers (αβTCR(+)CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-)).
  • Isolation from secondary lymphoid organs (mice) or peripheral blood (humans).
  • Assays for T-cell suppression, induction of apoptosis, and in vivo allograft tolerance.

Main Results:

  • The described methods enable reliable identification and isolation of DN Tregs.
  • Functional assays demonstrate the potent suppressive capacity of DN Tregs in vitro and their ability to promote in vivo tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • DN Tregs represent a significant regulatory cell population with therapeutic potential.
  • Standardized methods are crucial for advancing research into the function and application of DN Tregs in immune regulation and transplantation.