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Aggression

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress

Published on: July 4, 2013

Understanding Ustasa violence.

Journal of Genocide Research

|October 15, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The Ustaa regime

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Area of Science:

History
Political Science

Background:

The Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) was a complex multi-ethnic state.
The Ustaa movement's relationship with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy was intricate.
Persecution of Serbs, Jews, and Roma involved varied decision-making within Ustaa leadership.

Observation:

Mass violence by the Ustaa regime fluctuated due to interethnic conflict, victim responses, local conditions, and harvests.
Italian and German involvement influenced the persecution of minority groups.
Oversimplified views of the Ustaa as minor collaborators or state-centered genocide fail to explain the regime's violence.

Findings:

Ustaa violence was not monolithic and was influenced by diverse internal and external factors.
The regime's decision-making regarding persecution was complex and adaptive.
External powers, specifically Italy and Germany, significantly impacted Ustaa actions.

Implications:

Understanding Ustaa violence requires nuanced analysis beyond simplistic labels.
Historical interpretations of the Holocaust and wartime atrocities must account for complex collaboration and local dynamics.
The study challenges state-centric models of genocide by highlighting the role of non-state actors and adaptive violence.