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Summary

Active auditory training enhances inhibitory control, improving Go/NoGo task performance. Neurophysiological changes in frontoparietal networks support this improved executive function, suggesting a trainable aspect of cognitive control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Inhibitory control is crucial for executive functions, typically studied using Go/NoGo paradigms.
  • Existing research suggests top-down mechanisms in frontoparietal networks mediate inhibitory control.
  • The trainability of inhibitory functions and their underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if inhibitory control functions can be trained in humans.
  • To explore the neurophysiological mechanisms supporting trained inhibitory control.
  • To differentiate training effects during active executive control versus passive listening.

Main Methods:

  • Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) were recorded during an auditory spatial Go/NoGo task before and after 30 minutes of active training.
  • A passive listening condition with the same stimuli was used to compare active versus passive effects.
  • Two 2x2 within-subject designs were employed to analyze changes in AEPs and behavioral performance.

Main Results:

  • Training significantly improved Go/NoGo proficiency and decreased response times to Go stimuli.
  • During active training, AEPs to NoGo stimuli showed topographic modulation (61-104 ms) linked to reduced left parietal activity, predicting behavioral gains.
  • Passive listening revealed AEP modulations for Go stimuli (31-81 ms) associated with decreased right anterior temporoparietal activity.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory Go/NoGo training enhances inhibitory control, evidenced by behavioral improvements and specific neurophysiological changes.
  • Training appears to foster an automatic, bottom-up form of inhibitory control.
  • Active executive control and passive listening conditions elicit distinct neural modulations following training.