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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

Epigenetic modifications and human disease.

Anna Portela¹, Manel Esteller

¹Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.

Nature Biotechnology

|October 15, 2010

Summary

Epigenetics, the study of gene expression changes without altering DNA sequence, is rapidly advancing. New discoveries in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome positioning are crucial for understanding health and disease.

Area of Science:

Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Epigenetics is a rapidly expanding field in biology.
Recent discoveries include human DNA methylome characterization, CpG island shores, new histone variants, and nucleosome positioning maps.
Technological breakthroughs enable large-scale epigenomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To map epigenetic marks like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome positioning.
To understand the role of these marks in regulating gene and noncoding RNA expression.
To investigate the involvement of epigenetic alterations in disease.

Main Methods:

Large-scale epigenomic studies.
Mapping of DNA methylation.
Mapping of histone modifications.

More Related Videos

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Utilizing a Comprehensive Immunoprecipitation Enrichment System to Identify an Endogenous Post-translational Modification Profile for Target Proteins

Published on: January 8, 2018

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Global Level Quantification of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Hepatic Tissue

Published on: May 5, 2022

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Mapping of nucleosome positioning.

Main Results:

Characterization of the human DNA methylome at single nucleotide resolution.
Discovery of CpG island shores.
Identification of new histone variants and modifications.
Unveiling of genome-wide nucleosome positioning maps.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic mechanisms are critical for gene regulation.
Aberrant epigenetic marks and mutations in epigenetic machinery are implicated in disease.
Understanding epigenetics is a priority in biomedical research.