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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

Published on: October 31, 2025

Epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets.

Theresa K Kelly¹, Daniel D De Carvalho, Peter A Jones

¹Departments of Urology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Nature Biotechnology

|October 15, 2010

Summary

Epigenetic modifications regulate gene activity and are crucial in disease. These reversible changes offer therapeutic and diagnostic potential, especially when combined with other cancer treatments.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Epigenetic Engineering of K562 Cells: Dual-Vector Episomal Strategy for Stable Targeted DNA Methylation using dCas9-DNMT3A and -HDAC1 Fusion Proteins

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Cancer Research

Background:

Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and histone alterations, are vital for regulating gene expression in healthy tissues.
Dysregulation of these epigenetic mechanisms is frequently observed in various diseases.
Epigenetic changes can precede disease onset, serving as valuable biomarkers for risk assessment and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
To highlight the potential of epigenetic alterations as diagnostic and prognostic indicators.
To discuss the current and emerging therapeutic targets within epigenetics.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on epigenetic modifications and their role in disease.
Analysis of approved epigenetic therapies for hematological malignancies.
Exploration of emerging epigenetic targets such as histone methylation and microRNA.
Discussion of combination strategies for epigenetic therapies.

Main Results:

Epigenetic modifications are somatically heritable yet reversible, presenting opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Histone deacetylase and DNA methylation inhibitors are FDA-approved for hematological malignancies.
Histone methylation and microRNA expression are emerging as significant therapeutic targets.
Epigenetic aberrations are common in malignant tissues, often leading to treatment resistance.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic therapies show promise but are most effective when combined with other anticancer strategies.
Developing targeted epigenetic inhibitors with chromosomal specificity is crucial for reducing side effects.
Epigenetic modifications represent a critical frontier in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.