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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Science
Developmental Psychology

Background:

The brain's ability to recognize faces (face recognition) is crucial for social interaction.
It is debated whether face recognition relies on innate genetic programming or postnatal learning and experience.
Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize familiar faces.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of early brain development and postnatal experience in establishing the neural basis for face recognition.
To determine if the brain's capacity for distinguishing faces from objects is genetically predetermined or shaped by environmental input.

Main Methods:

Case study of an infant with brain damage at 1 day of age.
Assessment of the individual's face recognition abilities.
Comparison of face recognition deficits with object recognition capabilities.

Main Results:

The individual exhibited profound impairment in face recognition, consistent with adult-acquired prosopagnosia.
Object recognition was significantly less impaired compared to face recognition.
The pattern of deficits suggests a critical period for face processing development that is largely independent of postnatal experience.

Conclusions:

The findings provide strong evidence for a failure of neural plasticity in face recognition pathways.
This suggests that the brain's fundamental organization for distinguishing faces and objects is genetically determined before significant postnatal experience.
The human genome may contain pre-specified information for the development of specialized face processing circuits.