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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Letter position dyslexia.

N Friedmann, A Gvion

Cognitive Neuropsychology

|October 15, 2010

Summary

Two patients with acquired dyslexia exhibit a selective deficit in letter position encoding, causing within-word letter migration errors. This finding offers direct evidence for a distinct letter position function in reading.

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Neuropsychology
Linguistics

Background:

Reading models often propose a distinct letter position encoding stage.
Neuropsychological evidence for this function has been indirect, lacking selective impairment demonstrations.

Purpose of the Study:

To present cases with a highly selective deficit in letter position encoding.
To provide direct evidence for the existence and selectivity of letter position encoding in reading.

Main Methods:

Case study of two Hebrew-speaking patients with acquired dyslexia and occipito-parietal lesions.
Assessment across various tasks including oral reading, lexical decision, same-different decision, and letter location.

Main Results:

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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Patients exhibited predominant letter migration errors within words (e.g., reading "broad" for "board").
The deficit was specific to orthographic material and primarily affected medial letter positions.
Impairments were observed across multiple reading-related tasks.

Conclusions:

The findings provide the first pure demonstration of a selective impairment in letter position encoding.
This supports the role of dedicated letter position mechanisms in reading.
Implications for models of reading and attention are discussed.