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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Published on: February 2, 2024

Mechanistic insights into reprogramming to induced pluripotency.

Ritchie Ho1, Constantinos Chronis, Kathrin Plath

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|October 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated using key transcription factors. This review explores the molecular mechanisms driving this reprogramming process for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.

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08:56

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Published on: July 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular mechanisms of reprogramming

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells share similarities with embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • iPS cells offer patient-specific cells for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
  • Reprogramming provides a tool to study pluripotency establishment and differentiated state stabilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of transcription factor-mediated reprogramming to induced pluripotency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on iPS cell generation and reprogramming mechanisms.
  • Analysis of key transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, cMyc, Klf4) involved in reprogramming.
  • Discussion of molecular pathways governing the transition from differentiated to pluripotent states.

Main Results:

  • Identification of core transcription factors essential for inducing pluripotency.
  • Elucidation of molecular events that stabilize the pluripotent state.
  • Understanding of mechanisms that overcome the differentiated cell's stable state.

Conclusions:

  • Transcription factor-mediated reprogramming is a complex process involving intricate molecular mechanisms.
  • iPS cell technology holds significant promise for personalized medicine and understanding developmental biology.
  • Further research into reprogramming mechanisms will advance regenerative therapies and disease modeling.