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Related Concept Videos

Understanding the Self01:28

Understanding the Self

The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the self,...
Understanding Self-Concept01:20

Understanding Self-Concept

The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those aschematic for...
Self-Schemas02:16

Self-Schemas

In general, a schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
Structure of Self01:29

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Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
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Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation01:30

Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation

Self-evaluation is the process by which individuals assess their abilities, behaviors, and characteristics based on feedback from others. Charles H. Cooley observed that a person’s self-perception is primarily influenced by how others see and judge them. He suggested that individuals form their identities based on their interpretations of others' reactions. As a result, social interactions play a crucial role in shaping self-esteem and personal identity. These external evaluations often blend...

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
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Everyday memory: self-perception and structural brain correlates in a healthy elderly population.

Astrid Bjørnebekk1, Lars T Westlye, Kristine B Walhovd

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway. astrid.bjornebekk@psykologi.uio.no

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Healthy older adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging Research

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline is a significant research area.
  • Understanding the brain's structural basis for memory is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the link between perceived memory, objective memory performance, and brain structure in healthy elderly individuals.
  • Investigate medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical thickness and subcortical volumes.

Main Methods:

  • 83 healthy adults (60-85 years) underwent MRI scans.
  • Participants completed the Everyday Memory Questionnaire (EMQ) and a verbal memory test (CVLT).

Main Results:

  • Both self-perceived memory (EMQ) and verbal recall (CVLT) were independently linked to left MTL cortical thickness.
  • Combining both measures significantly increased the explained variance in MTL thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived everyday memory and objective memory tests offer complementary insights into brain morphology.
  • Both measures show comparable structural correlates in the MTL for well-functioning older adults.