Reactivity of Langerhans cells after application of different chemicals--an ultrastructural analysis

The goal of this study was to investigate changes in epidermal Langerhans cells after application of different chemicals (acetone, 60% alcohol, 5% nickel sulphate, iodisole, and 0.1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) on the skin of volunteers. The skin of eight volunteers was treated with acetone, 60% alcohol, iodisol, 5% nickel sulphate, and 0.1% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). After application of DNCB, Langerhans cells (LCs) showed increased accumulation of Birbeck granules (Bgs). Alcohol and nickel sulphate caused alternative changes, mainly cytoplasmic vacuolation, in LCs. Nickel sulphate was even responsible for the disappearance of dendrites. Both chemicals have cytotoxic effects on LCs: cytoplasmic organelles and Bgs disappear and subsequently, the antigen-presenting activity of epidermal LCs is inhibited. We did not found any morphological changes in LCs after application of acetone.