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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

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Published on: June 3, 2018

What has gene expression profiling taught us about glaucoma?

Zhiyong Yang1, Donald J Zack

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Experimental Eye Research
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New models and genomic technologies advance understanding of retinal ganglion cell death in glaucoma. This review summarizes genome-wide expression studies on the retina and optic nerve head in glaucoma.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Laser Capture Microdissection of Highly Pure Trabecular Meshwork from Mouse Eyes for Gene Expression Analysis
13:47

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Published on: June 3, 2018

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10:20

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Published on: April 19, 2012

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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Published on: February 15, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Glaucoma involves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of RGC loss is crucial for developing treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding glaucoma's cellular and molecular basis.
  • To summarize genome-wide expression studies in glaucoma research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing new cellular and animal models.
  • Leveraging advances in genomic and related technologies.
  • Analyzing results from genome-wide expression studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in understanding RGC dysfunction and death pathways.
  • Identification of key molecular events in the retina and optic nerve head.
  • Data from multiple genome-wide expression studies have been compiled.

Conclusions:

  • New technologies are accelerating glaucoma research.
  • Genome-wide expression studies provide valuable insights into glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to translate these findings into clinical applications.