Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Molecular Models

Molecular Models

Physical models representing molecular architectures of chemical compounds play essential roles in understanding chemistry. The use of molecular models makes it easier to visualize the structures and shapes of atoms and molecules.

Molecular Shapes

Molecular Shapes

Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...

The Fluid Mosaic Model

The Fluid Mosaic Model

The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.

Molecular Kinetic Energy

Molecular Kinetic Energy

The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont. Consider a container filled with gas, with a continuous and random motion of molecules. During collisions, the velocity component parallel to the wall is unchanged, and the component perpendicular to the wall reverses direction but does not change in magnitude. If the molecule’s velocity changes in the x-direction, then its momentum is changed.

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
Next,...

Mesh Analysis

Mesh Analysis

Mesh analysis is a valuable method for simplifying circuit analysis using mesh currents as key circuit variables. Unlike nodal analysis, which focuses on determining unknown voltages, mesh analysis applies Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) to find unknown currents within a circuit. This method is particularly convenient in reducing the number of simultaneous equations that need to be solved.
A fundamental concept in mesh analysis is the definition of meshes and mesh currents. A mesh is a closed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Three-dimensional and nanoscale resolved hierarchical structure of electroplated zinc complex in aqueous zinc battery.

National science review·2026

Same author

Cryo-EM in enzymology and dynamics.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same author

Mechanism of Gating and Isoform-Specific Inhibition in Renal CLC Chloride Channels.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Cryogenic electron tomography reveals herpesvirus capsid assembly intermediates inside the cell nucleus.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Template-based RNA structure prediction advanced through a blind code competition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Molecular mechanism of exchange coupling in CLC chloride/proton antiporters.

Nature communications·2026

Same journal

Cryo-EM structure of the Arabidopsisthaliana ribosome in translating and non-translating states.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same journal

Multifaceted effects of N-glycosylation on amyloidogenic κ light chains in AL amyloidosis.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same journal

Near-complete cryo-EM structure of the Klebsiella pneumoniae podophage RAN69 reveals tail fiber-spike interface and a divergent pre-ejectosome.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same journal

Saxiphilin is a broad-spectrum toxin sponge for C13-modified saxitoxins.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same journal

Cryo-EM structure of YfdQ reveals a widespread family of bacteriophage-associated proteins with shell-like assemblies.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

Same journal

An extracellular allosteric gate modulates the ligand efficacy of GPR119.

Structure (London, England : 1993)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Published on: December 25, 2021

Workshop on molecular animation.

Sarina Bromberg¹, Wah Chiu, Thomas E Ferrin

¹National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Structure (London, England : 1993)

|October 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This workshop explored molecular animation tools for visualizing biomolecular processes. It highlighted uses in scientific communication, education, and research inquiry.

More Related Videos

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells

Published on: May 6, 2010

Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli

Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli

Published on: July 28, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 5, 2025

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Modeling an Enzyme Active Site using Molecular Visualization Freeware

Published on: December 25, 2021

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells

Electron Cryotomography of Bacterial Cells

Published on: May 6, 2010

Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli

Computer-Generated Animal Model Stimuli

Published on: July 28, 2007

Area of Science:

Biocomputing and structural biology

Background:

A workshop convened structural biologists, animators, and software developers to discuss molecular animation.
The event focused on tools for creating high-quality molecular animations.

Framework:

The workshop aimed to identify essential tools for molecular animation.
Key applications include visualizing complex structures and aiding scientific communication.

Implementation:

Discussions centered on producing animations for publications, presentations, and education.
Participants explored using molecular animation to focus scientific inquiry.

Implications:

Molecular animation enhances understanding of biomolecular processes and structures.
It also serves as a tool for scientific communication and education.