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Related Concept Videos

Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
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Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

p53: guardian of reprogramming.

Sergio Menendez1, Suzanne Camus, Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte

  • 1Center for Regenerative Medicine Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell reprogramming is crucial for cell therapy. The p53 pathway acts as a guardian, ensuring genomic stability during reprogramming, though it reduces efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Cancer research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer revolutionary potential for patient-specific cell therapy.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of somatic cell reprogramming is critical for advancing iPS cell applications.
  • The role of specific cellular pathways in reprogramming efficiency and safety remains an active area of investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanistic role of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in the process of somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To analyze how p53 influences both the efficiency and genomic integrity during iPS cell generation.
  • To discuss the implications of these findings for the future clinical applications of iPS cell technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of recent mechanistic studies investigating the p53 pathway's involvement in reprogramming.
  • Examination of experimental data demonstrating the impact of p53 on reprogramming efficiency.
  • Assessment of p53's role in maintaining genomic stability during the reprogramming process.

Main Results:

  • The p53 tumor suppressor pathway plays a significant role in somatic cell reprogramming.
  • p53 acts as a 'guardian of reprogramming,' ensuring genomic integrity at the expense of reduced reprogramming efficiency.
  • These findings highlight a critical trade-off between safety and efficiency in iPS cell generation.

Conclusions:

  • The p53 pathway is a key regulator that balances genomic stability with reprogramming efficiency.
  • Understanding p53's function is essential for optimizing iPS cell generation for therapeutic use.
  • Future strategies may involve modulating p53 activity to improve iPS cell-based therapies.