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Related Experiment Video

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Clinical Efficacy of an Innovative Multidimensional Traction Therapy in Moderate Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
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Synmastia: prevention and correction.

Gennaro Selvaggi1, Salvatore Giordano, Lorraine Ishak

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, Abbey Pines Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom. selvaggigennaro@yahoo.it

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Synmastia, a breast augmentation complication, often results from surgical technique errors. Preventing synmastia requires precise surgical planning, correct implant sizing, and proper technique to avoid difficult corrective surgeries.

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Published on: November 4, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Synmastia, or unilateral breast fusion, is an aberrant communication between the breasts.
  • It is typically an acquired complication of breast augmentation surgery, rarely congenital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the prevention of synmastia based on surgical experience.
  • To compare personal experience with existing literature on synmastia.
  • To propose classifications and guidelines for synmastia prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A multidatabase search was conducted on synmastia.
  • Analysis of 924 breast augmentation cases performed by the senior author (November 2004 - April 2009).
  • Review of surgical techniques and outcomes related to synmastia.

Main Results:

  • Synmastia often arises from overdissection in the subglandular plane or overdivision of the pectoralis muscle insertion in the submuscular plane.
  • Accurate surgical planning, appropriate implant size selection, and meticulous surgical technique are crucial for prevention.
  • Correcting synmastia is challenging and may necessitate further risky and costly reoperations.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing synmastia is paramount due to the difficulties associated with its correction.
  • Adherence to established surgical principles is key to minimizing the risk of synmastia.
  • Proposed classifications and guidelines aim to enhance preventative strategies in breast augmentation procedures.