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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)
09:26

Identification of Footprints of RNA:Protein Complexes via RNA Immunoprecipitation in Tandem Followed by Sequencing (RIPiT-Seq)

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Aberrant mRNA transcripts and nonsense-mediated decay.

Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy1

  • 1Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5 Canada. ltrinkle@uottawa.ca

F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells possess a quality control system called nonsense-mediated decay to eliminate faulty mRNA transcripts. Recent studies in Arabidopsis thaliana highlight conserved and unique aspects of this essential biological process across species.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cells produce erroneous messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts, necessitating quality control mechanisms.
  • Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a crucial surveillance pathway that prevents the translation of aberrant mRNA into potentially harmful proteins.
  • NMD factors are highly conserved, indicating fundamental importance across diverse organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conserved and divergent mechanisms of nonsense-mediated decay.
  • To compare NMD pathways in plants, specifically Arabidopsis thaliana, with those in other species, including humans.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of NMD pathway components and their functions.
  • Utilizing genetic and molecular techniques in Arabidopsis thaliana models.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of conserved and unique NMD-related genes.

Main Results:

  • Identified key proteins and genetic elements involved in NMD in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Demonstrated conserved functions of certain NMD factors between plants and animals.
  • Revealed novel, species-specific variations in NMD regulation within the plant kingdom.

Conclusions:

  • Nonsense-mediated decay is a fundamental cellular process with core conserved mechanisms across eukaryotes.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana provides a valuable model for understanding both conserved and plant-specific aspects of mRNA quality control.
  • Further research into plant NMD can illuminate broader principles of gene expression regulation and cellular integrity.