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Related Concept Videos

Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
ATP Synthase: Mechanism01:48

ATP Synthase: Mechanism

In animals, the mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase is the key protein that synthesizes ATP molecules through a complex catalytic mechanism. While the nuclear genome encodes the majority of ATP synthase subunits, the mitochondrial genome encodes some of the enzyme's most critical components. The formation of this multi-subunit enzyme is a complex multi-step process regulated at the level of transcription, translation, and assembly. Defects in one or more of these steps can result in decreased ATP...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes
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RNA Catalyst as a Reporter for Screening Drugs against RNA Editing in Trypanosomes

Published on: July 22, 2014

The unforeseeable hammerhead ribozyme.

Christian Hammann1, Eric Westhof

  • 1Research Group Molecular Interactions, Department of Genetics, FB 18 Naturwissenschaften, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany. e.westhof@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr

F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The hammerhead ribozyme, a small but complex molecule, continues to reveal surprising behaviors. Recent research highlights the discovery of the first split hammerhead ribozyme, expanding our understanding of its catalytic functions.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • RNA Catalysis

Background:

  • The hammerhead ribozyme is a small catalytic RNA molecule known for its self-cleaving activity.
  • Despite extensive study for over two decades, its complex mechanisms continue to be a subject of research.
  • Recent investigations aim to uncover novel functionalities and structures of this ribozyme.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in hammerhead ribozyme research.
  • To highlight the discovery and implications of the first split hammerhead ribozyme.
  • To provide an updated overview of the field for researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on hammerhead ribozymes.
  • Analysis of experimental data pertaining to the split hammerhead ribozyme.
  • Synthesis of findings to present a cohesive summary.

Main Results:

  • The hammerhead ribozyme exhibits complex behaviors that are still being elucidated.
  • The identification of the first split hammerhead ribozyme represents a significant breakthrough.
  • This discovery opens new avenues for understanding ribozyme mechanisms and applications.

Conclusions:

  • The hammerhead ribozyme remains a fascinating subject with ongoing discoveries.
  • The split hammerhead ribozyme expands the known repertoire of ribozyme structures and functions.
  • Continued research is crucial for fully appreciating the catalytic potential of hammerhead ribozymes.