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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes
12:59

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Published on: September 26, 2013

Duality in the Th17-Treg developmental decision.

Robin D Hatton1, Casey T Weaver

  • 1Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham 220 West Pavilion, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35233-7331 USA.

F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research reveals how cytokines guide naive T-cell precursors into distinct effector lineages, including Th17 cells, and their connection to regulatory T cells for immune balance.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Mouse Naïve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

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07:46

In Vitro Differentiation of Naive CD4+ T Cells into Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Mouse

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Effector CD4 T-cell lineages (Th1, Th2, Th17) develop from naive precursors.
  • Cytokines and antigenic signals direct T-cell lineage commitment.
  • Th17 cell development shares requirements with regulatory T cells, involving transforming growth factor-beta.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms controlling T-cell precursor differentiation into distinct lineages.
  • To understand the interplay between Th17 cell development and regulatory T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cytokine signaling pathways.
  • Investigating the role of transforming growth factor-beta in T-cell differentiation.
  • Studying the developmental relationship between Th17 and regulatory T cells.

Main Results:

  • Identified key cytokine-driven pathways directing naive T-cell precursors.
  • Demonstrated a shared molecular requirement for transforming growth factor-beta in Th17 and regulatory T-cell development.
  • Provided insights into how immune homeostasis is maintained through the regulation of Th17 responses.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokines play a critical role in orchestrating T-cell lineage commitment.
  • The shared dependence on transforming growth factor-beta highlights a regulatory link between Th17 and regulatory T cells.
  • Understanding these differentiation pathways is crucial for immune system regulation and potential therapeutic interventions.