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1Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF UK. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk
F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
Summary
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) acts as a cotransmitter alongside classical neurotransmitters in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. This cotransmission allows for nuanced, localized adjustments in neurotransmission and neuromodulation.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurochemistry
Background:
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is recognized as a cotransmitter in various neuronal systems.
- Its release patterns and proportions differ across species, tissues, and physiological states.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the diverse roles and mechanisms of ATP cotransmission in the nervous system.
- To highlight the significance of cotransmission in modulating neurotransmission.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on ATP cotransmission.
- Analysis of studies detailing ATP release with various classical and non-classical neurotransmitters.
Main Results:
- ATP is released with noradrenaline and neuropeptide Y from sympathetic nerves.
- It cotransmits with acetylcholine in parasympathetic nerves and glutamate in sensory nerves.
- ATP also pairs with dopamine and serotonin in the central nervous system, and nitric oxide in enteric nerves.
Conclusions:
- ATP cotransmission is a widespread phenomenon in both central and peripheral nervous systems.
- The varied combinations of cotransmitters provide fine-tuning of neural signaling.
- Cotransmission mechanisms contribute to subtle, localized variations in neurotransmission and neuromodulation.
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