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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability

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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
12:13

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Single-molecule dynamics of nuclear mRNA.

Yaron Shav-Tal1, Yosef Gruenbaum

  • 1The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel. shavtaly@mail.biu.ac.il

F1000 Biology Reports
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules move discontinuously through the nucleus to the cytoplasm. This movement is driven by transient interactions within the nuclear environment, revealing new insights into nuclear export.

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Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport
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Real-time Imaging of Single Engineered RNA Transcripts in Living Cells Using Ratiometric Bimolecular Beacons
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

Published on: July 6, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) is transcribed from DNA in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis.
  • The process of mRNA nuclear export involves translocation through complex nucleoplasmic pathways.
  • Understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing mRNA movement is crucial for cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biophysical properties governing mRNA translocation within the nucleus.
  • To elucidate the movement dynamics of mRNA during its journey to the cytoplasm.
  • To provide new tools and insights into mRNA nuclear export.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced biophysical techniques to track mRNA movement.
  • Developed novel tools for observing mRNA dynamics in real-time.
  • Analyzed translocation patterns within the nucleoplasmic environment.

Main Results:

  • mRNA molecules exhibit discontinuous movement during nuclear export.
  • This movement is characterized by transient interactions with the nuclear environment.
  • New insights into the forces and mechanisms driving mRNA translocation were obtained.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA nuclear export is not a continuous flow but a step-wise process.
  • Transient interactions with nuclear components regulate mRNA movement.
  • These findings offer a deeper understanding of mRNA trafficking and nuclear export efficiency.