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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

The Resting Membrane Potential

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Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Resting Membrane Potential01:24

Resting Membrane Potential

The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
The Inside of a Neuron is More Negative
The membrane potential of a cell can be measured by inserting a microelectrode into a cell and comparing the charge to a reference electrode in the extracellular fluid. The...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...

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Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology
19:56

Introduction to Solid Supported Membrane Based Electrophysiology

Published on: May 11, 2013

APBSmem: a graphical interface for electrostatic calculations at the membrane.

Keith M Callenberg1, Om P Choudhary, Gabriel L de Forest

  • 1Carnegie Mellon-University of Pittsburgh Program in Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos One
|October 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

APBSmem is a new, free program that calculates electrostatic properties of proteins within membranes. This tool simplifies complex molecular modeling for researchers studying membrane protein interactions.

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Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

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Published on: November 19, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Electrostatic forces are crucial for molecular interactions, including protein folding and binding.
  • The Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation is a standard method for calculating electrostatic properties.
  • Existing PB solvers are primarily designed for soluble proteins, limiting analysis of membrane-embedded proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce APBSmem, a novel, freely available software program.
  • To enable the calculation of electrostatic properties for proteins situated within a membrane environment.
  • To provide an accessible tool for both experimental and computational researchers.

Main Methods:

  • APBSmem utilizes the Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) as its core computational engine.
  • A Java-based graphical user interface (GUI) manages membrane integration, placement, and potential settings.
  • The Jmol software is integrated for pre-calculation visualization of protein-membrane systems and post-calculation electrostatic potential mapping.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the successful application of APBSmem through three distinct membrane protein electrostatic calculations.
  • Illustrated the utility of the software in determining various electrostatic properties relevant to membrane protein function.
  • Validated the ease of use and effectiveness of the GUI in streamlining complex calculations.

Conclusions:

  • APBSmem offers a user-friendly solution for calculating electrostatic properties of membrane-bound proteins.
  • The software facilitates a deeper understanding of electrostatic interactions in biological membranes.
  • APBSmem is expected to be a valuable resource for researchers investigating membrane protein electrostatics.