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Homogeneous assays using aptamers.

Audrey Sassolas¹, Loïc J Blum, Béatrice D Leca-Bouvier

¹CNRS, UMR 5246, ICBMS, Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Université Lyon 1, Bât CPE, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France.

|October 16, 2010

Summary

This review details aptamer-based homogeneous assays, offering simple, rapid detection without immobilization. Optical methods like colorimetry and fluorescence are prominent, with emerging techniques like MRI and electrochemistry.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Aptamers are nucleic acid ligands with high affinity and specificity for diverse targets.
Homogeneous aptamer assays offer advantages over traditional heterogeneous methods, including speed and simplicity.
This review is the first to exclusively focus on aptamer-based homogeneous assays.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of aptamer-based homogeneous assays.
To highlight the advantages and applications of these assays.
To discuss various detection techniques employed in aptamer-based homogeneous assays.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on aptamer-based homogeneous assays.
Categorization of assays based on detection principles (optical, electrochemical, etc.).
Analysis of aptamer and aptazyme applications in homogeneous sensing.

Main Results:

Optical detection methods, particularly colorimetry and fluorescence, are the most developed.
Colorimetric methods utilize gold nanoparticle aggregation, DNAzyme activity, dye displacement, or cationic polymer interactions.
Fluorescence assays can be designed as turn-on or turn-off systems.
Emerging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrochemistry are also discussed.
Thrombin remains a frequently targeted analyte in these assays.
Aptazyme-based homogeneous assays, often using optical detection, are also covered.

Conclusions:

Aptamer-based homogeneous assays are efficient, rapid, and user-friendly alternatives to conventional methods.
Optical detection techniques, especially colorimetry and fluorescence, dominate the field.
Further development in non-conventional techniques like MRI and electrochemistry holds promise.
Aptamers and aptazymes are versatile tools for homogeneous sensing applications.