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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Synthesis of Zeolites Using the ADOR (Assembly-Disassembly-Organization-Reassembly) Route

Synthesis of Zeolites Using the ADOR (Assembly-Disassembly-Organization-Reassembly) Route

Published on: April 3, 2016

Beryllosilicate frameworks and zeolites.

Jennifer A Armstrong¹, Mark T Weller

¹School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|October 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized novel framework beryllosilicates, including new zeolite structures and nabesite analogues. This work expands the understanding of beryllosilicate chemistry and potential applications.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

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Synthesis of Zeolites Using the ADOR (Assembly-Disassembly-Organization-Reassembly) Route

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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mineralogy
Crystallography

Background:

Naturally occurring minerals inspire the design of novel synthetic materials.
Zeolites and related framework silicates possess unique structural and chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize new framework beryllosilicates inspired by mineral structures.
To characterize the structural chemistry, porosity, and thermal stability of synthesized materials.

Main Methods:

Hydrothermal synthesis of beryllosilicates.
Characterization using X-ray diffraction and other analytical techniques.
Analysis of tetrahedral networks and framework topologies.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of two new zeolite topologies and a layered beryllosilicate.
First-time synthesis of nabesite-type beryllosilicates (sodium and potassium derivatives).
Discovery of pentagonal Cairo-tiling in a novel zeolite framework.

Conclusions:

The study expands the library of known beryllosilicate frameworks.
The synthesized materials exhibit interesting structural features and potential for applications.
Understanding framework topology is key to designing new materials.