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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
Published on: March 7, 2019
Interactive social cognitive model of leisure-time physical activity in mid to late life
Julie S Son1, Andrew J Mowen, Deborah L Kerstetter
1Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. julieson@illinois.edu
Objective:
To examine the interactive effects of exercise identity (EI) and outcome expectations (OE) on constraints, constraint self-regulation, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA).
Methods:
Surveyed a convenience sample of middle-aged and older adults (N = 271) at a metropolitan park agency in the Midwest.
Results:
The final reduced model predicted 24% of the variance in LTPA, including an indirect effect of EI x OE through intrapersonal constraints.
Conclusion:
Results suggest that these social cognitive factors are useful in understanding low to high-intensity LTPA and have implications for LTPA programs for adults aged 50 and older.
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