Search research articles

Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Post-transplant Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for HLA-Matched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HCT) in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Hematologic Malignancies.

Transplantation and cellular therapy·2026

Same author

Comparison of Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer With and Without Next-Generation Sequencing Testing.

JCO oncology practice·2026

Same author

Chemotherapy regimens with second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors for <i>BCR-ABL</i> B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: comparative outcomes and role of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Leukemia & lymphoma·2026

Same author

Easing the burden: A pilot study evaluating AI-generated In-Basket message drafts to streamline perioperative endocrine surgical care.

Surgery·2025

Same author

Efficacy and safety of blinatumomab for CD19 + acute leukemias in patients historically excluded from clinical trials due to comorbidities.

Leukemia research·2025

Same author

Immune Activation Signatures Associated with Fatigue in Cancer Patients Undergoing Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Cancer research communications·2025

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.

Catherine E Pesce¹, Zita Shiue, Hua-Ling Tsai

¹Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association

|October 19, 2010

Summary

Patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease have a higher risk of postoperative hypocalcemia and tetany. Close monitoring for low calcium levels is crucial after this surgery.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Published on: September 20, 2024

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Surgical Oncology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Graves' disease patients undergoing thyroidectomy may have higher rates of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Previous studies have not directly compared these patients with those undergoing thyroidectomy for other reasons.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if thyroidectomy for Graves' disease leads to increased incidence or severity of postoperative hypocalcemia.
To compare hypocalcemia outcomes between Graves' disease patients and controls.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of thyroidectomy patients (1998-2009) at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Compared 68 Graves' disease patients with 55 controls undergoing total thyroidectomy for other indications.
Examined covariates and outcomes including calcium levels, hypocalcemia symptoms, Rocaltrol use, calcium prescription, and tetany.

Main Results:

Graves' disease patients had significantly higher odds of requiring more calcium tablets post-discharge (p < 0.001).
Six Graves' disease patients were readmitted with tetany, versus none in the control group (p = 0.033).
A trend towards higher hypocalcemia prevalence was observed in Graves' disease patients post-thyroidectomy.

Conclusions:

Patients with Graves' disease are more prone to requiring increased calcium dosages and experiencing postoperative tetany after thyroidectomy.
These findings underscore the need for vigilant inpatient and outpatient follow-up for hypocalcemia signs in Graves' disease patients post-thyroidectomy.