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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Transmission Electron Microscopy as the Visualization Technique for Analysis of Circadian Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex
12:06

Transmission Electron Microscopy as the Visualization Technique for Analysis of Circadian Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex

Published on: August 19, 2025

Structural long-term changes at mushroom body input synapses.

Malte C Kremer1, Frauke Christiansen, Florian Leiss

  • 1Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Dendrite Differentiation Group, Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Neurobiology, Munich-Martinsried 82152, Germany.

Current Biology : CB
|October 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory experience shapes brain circuits. In Drosophila, blocking neural activity in olfactory projection neurons alters mushroom body microglomeruli structure, revealing activity-dependent circuit organization in adult brains.

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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
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Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Transmission Electron Microscopy as the Visualization Technique for Analysis of Circadian Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex
12:06

Transmission Electron Microscopy as the Visualization Technique for Analysis of Circadian Synaptic Plasticity in the Mouse Barrel Cortex

Published on: August 19, 2025

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
09:39

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

Published on: June 26, 2013

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
08:27

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • The mushroom body in Drosophila is crucial for olfactory learning and memory.
  • Its input region, the calyx, shows experience-dependent volumetric changes, but cellular mechanisms are unclear.
  • Microglomeruli, synaptic units in the calyx, are formed by Kenyon cell dendrites and olfactory projection neuron boutons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the activity-dependent organization of microglomeruli in the adult Drosophila mushroom body.
  • To understand how neural activity influences the structure of synaptic complexes in higher brain centers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed high-resolution imaging tools for pre- and postsynaptic compartments of calycal microglomeruli.
  • Manipulated action potential firing and synaptic transmission in identified olfactory projection neurons.
  • Quantified changes in microglomeruli size, number, and active zone density.

Main Results:

  • Preventing action potentials in projection neurons altered microglomeruli size and number.
  • Inhibiting synaptic transmission led to changes in microglomeruli size, number, and active zone density.
  • Demonstrated that neural activity directly impacts the structural organization of synaptic microcircuits.

Conclusions:

  • Neural activity is essential for maintaining and organizing synaptic structures in the adult Drosophila brain.
  • Sensory experience actively shapes neural circuit organization at the cellular level.
  • Findings provide evidence for activity-dependent plasticity in higher brain centers involved in memory.