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Related Concept Videos

Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...

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Measurement of Specific Mycobacterial Mistranslation Rates with Gain-of-function Reporter Systems
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Translational benchmark risk analysis.

Walter W Piegorsch1

  • 1Program in Statistics, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Journal of Risk Research
|October 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The benchmark dose (BMD) approach is adaptable for quantitative risk assessment, extending beyond traditional toxicology. This versatile tool offers significant opportunities for improving risk management across various scientific and economic fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Risk assessment
  • Toxicology
  • Environmental science
  • Biomedical science
  • Industrial safety
  • Socio-economics

Background:

  • Quantitative risk assessment relies on established methodologies.
  • Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling is a mature technique in toxicology.
  • Traditional applications often focus on specific toxicological endpoints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the translational development of benchmark dose methodology.
  • To explore the application of BMD to diverse risk endpoints and fields.
  • To highlight the potential of BMD as a versatile risk-analytic tool.

Main Methods:

  • Review of traditional benchmark dose applications in biology and toxicology.
  • Illustration of BMD use with non-traditional risk endpoints.
  • Analysis of the adaptability of the benchmark paradigm across different domains.

Main Results:

  • The benchmark dose approach demonstrates applicability beyond traditional toxicological archetypes.
  • BMD modeling can be successfully translated to evolving areas and diverse risk endpoints.
  • The methodology shows versatility across a broad spectrum of risk management settings.

Conclusions:

  • The benchmark dose approach is a highly adaptable tool for quantitative risk assessment.
  • Translational development of BMD offers significant opportunities for enhancing risk assessments.
  • Future extensions of BMD methodology promise broader applications in environmental, biomedical, industrial, and socio-economic fields.