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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...

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Increased in vitro lysosomal function in oxidative stress-induced cell lines.

Jihee Yoon1, Seung Hyuck Bang, Jin-Soo Park

  • 1Graduate School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-dong, 1Ga Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
|October 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Oxidative stress increases lysosome-like organelles in mammalian cells, enhancing their antimicrobial and cell-killing capabilities. This suggests potential therapeutic applications for lysosomes as antimicrobial agents and cancer treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Oxidative stress is known to affect cellular components.
  • Lysosomes play crucial roles in cellular degradation and defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of oxidative stress on lysosome-like organelles in mammalian cells.
  • To evaluate the functional changes in lysosomes following oxidative stress exposure.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of modified lysosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Cytochemical analysis using LysoTracker to quantify lysosome-like organelles.
  • Isolation of lysosomes from stressed and non-stressed HeLa cells.
  • Assessment of antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.
  • Evaluation of in vitro lysosomal function and cell viability.
  • Analysis of cathepsin B and D enzyme activities.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and UVB irradiation increased the number and fluorescent intensity of lysosome-like organelles in HeLa cells.
  • Lysosomes isolated from oxidative stress-exposed cells exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity.
  • Treatment of normal HeLa cells with these lysosomes reduced cell viability, indicating increased in vitro lysosomal function.
  • Cathepsin B and D activities were altered in stressed lysosomes, with decreased cathepsin B and increased cathepsin D, though not solely responsible for cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Oxidative stress significantly modifies lysosome-like organelles in mammalian cells, enhancing their functional capabilities.
  • Lysosomes from oxidative stress-exposed cells demonstrate potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects in vitro.
  • These findings suggest a novel therapeutic strategy utilizing lysosomes as antimicrobial agents and for cancer treatment.