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Gas Chromatography: Introduction

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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Fizzy Extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds Combined with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

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Published on: July 14, 2017

Gas-diffusion microextraction.

João Grosso Pacheco¹, Inês Maria Valente, Luís Moreira Gonçalves

¹REQUIMTE, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Journal of Separation Science

|October 19, 2010

Summary

Gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) offers a portable, low-cost method for analyzing volatile compounds. This technique, enhanced by derivatization, achieved precise results for vicinal diketones in beer within minutes.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Separation Science

Background:

Gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) integrates membrane-aided gas-diffusion with microextraction.
GDME utilizes a portable, low-cost device with a semi-permeable membrane.
Integrating derivatization with GDME can yield significant enrichment factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the applicability and capabilities of GDME.
To quantify volatile and semi-volatile analytes in diverse matrices.
To analyze vicinal diketones in beer using GDME.

Main Methods:

Gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME) coupled with derivatization.
Derivatization of vicinal diketones with o-phenylenediamine.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for quantification.

Main Results:

GDME demonstrated good repeatability and precision.
Extraction periods were on the order of minutes.
Successful quantification of vicinal diketones in beer was achieved.

Conclusions:

GDME is a powerful tool for analyzing volatile and semi-volatile analytes.
The technique is suitable for various sample matrices.
GDME offers efficient and precise sample preparation for chromatographic analysis.