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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Related Experiment Video

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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia.

Raquel E Gur¹, Ruben C Gur

¹Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatry Section, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 10th Floor, Gates Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. raquel@upenn.edu

Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

|October 20, 2010

Summary

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals brain system abnormalities in schizophrenia, offering insights into cognitive and affective deficits. This technique aids in understanding sensory processing issues and integrates with neuropharmacologic and genomic research.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Medical Imaging

Background:

Schizophrenia is characterized by significant behavioral deficits affecting cognition and affect.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is increasingly utilized in neurobiological studies of schizophrenia.
Understanding the neural underpinnings of schizophrenia is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize fMRI methodology and its application in neurobehavioral studies of schizophrenia.
To elucidate the neural substrates of cognitive and affective deficits in schizophrenia.
To highlight how fMRI can bridge with other research domains like neuropharmacology and genomics.

Main Methods:

Application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with cognitive and affective neuroscience paradigms.
Measurement of brain region activation in response to neurobehavioral probes.
Assessment of functional connectivity among brain regions.

Main Results:

fMRI studies have identified abnormalities in brain systems underlying behavioral deficits in schizophrenia.
Evidence suggests abnormalities in early sensory processing influence later evaluative processing.
fMRI provides measures of brain activation and connectivity relevant to schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

fMRI is a valuable tool for investigating the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
The methodology helps elucidate neural substrates of cognitive and affective impairments.
fMRI facilitates integration with neuropharmacologic and genomic research for a comprehensive understanding.