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Updated: Jun 8, 2026

Detection of Fluorescent Nanoparticle Interactions with Primary Immune Cell Subpopulations by Flow Cytometry
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Sensitive fluorometric nanoparticle assays for cell counting and viability.

Sari Pihlasalo1, Lotta Pellonperä, Eija Martikkala

  • 1Laboratory of Biophysics and Medicity, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. sari.pihlasalo@utu.fi

Analytical Chemistry
|October 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

New nanoparticle sensors offer easy, sensitive quantification of eukaryotic cells. These homogeneous assays detect low cell numbers and can assess cell viability, potentially replacing traditional microscopic methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of eukaryotic cells is crucial in biological research.
  • Existing microscopic methods can be labor-intensive and time-consuming.
  • Development of sensitive, homogeneous, and user-friendly cell quantification assays is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel, easy-to-use homogeneous methods for quantifying eukaryotic cells.
  • To utilize nanoparticle-based sensors for sensitive cell detection.
  • To integrate cell viability assessment with cell quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two nanoparticle sensors: citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles and Eu(III) chelate-doped polystyrene nanoparticles.
  • Utilizing competitive adsorption of cells and fluorescently labeled protein onto nanoparticles.

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Viability Assays for Cells in Culture

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  • Employing time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and fluorescence quenching detection principles.
  • Combining Eu(III) nanoparticle sensor with a cell-impermeable nucleic acid dye for viability assay.

    • Main Results:

    • Detection and quantification of fewer than five eukaryotic cells using both gold and Eu(III) nanoparticle sensors.
    • Achieved coefficients of variation of 6% for the gold nanoparticle sensor and 12% for the Eu(III) nanoparticle sensor.
    • Successfully measured cell viability in a single tube test for low cell concentrations (<1000 cells/tube) using the Eu(III) sensor.

    Conclusions:

    • Developed sensitive and user-friendly homogeneous nanoparticle-based assays for eukaryotic cell quantification.
    • The developed sensors demonstrate potential to replace conventional microscopic techniques in biochemical laboratories.
    • The integrated cell viability assay offers a valuable tool for biological sample analysis.