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The Contractile Ring

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

The Contractile Ring

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Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

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Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

The Cell Cycle Control System

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The Cell Cycle Control System

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Combining Mitotic Cell Synchronization and High Resolution Confocal Microscopy to Study the Role of Multifunctional Cell Cycle Proteins During Mitosis

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Cell shape and contractility regulate ciliogenesis in cell cycle-arrested cells.

Amandine Pitaval¹, Qingzong Tseng, Michel Bornens

¹Laboratoire Biopuces, Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, 38054 Grenoble, Cedex 09, France.

The Journal of Cell Biology

|October 20, 2010

Summary

Cell confinement, not just cell cycle exit, dictates primary cilium growth. Spatial confinement influences cell polarity and actin networks, regulating ciliogenesis in human retinal cells.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Biophysics

Background:

Cell cycle exit is typically associated with primary cilium formation.
The precise mechanisms regulating ciliogenesis, especially in response to cellular environment, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between cell cycle exit and primary cilium formation in human retinal cells.
To determine the role of cell geometry and spatial confinement in regulating ciliogenesis.

Main Methods:

Utilized adhesive micropatterns to control individual human retinal cell spreading and spatial confinement.
Analyzed cell cycle exit, ciliogenesis, actin network architecture, and nucleus-centrosome axis orientation.

Main Results:

Not all cells exiting the cell cycle formed a primary cilium, challenging the classical view.
Cell spatial confinement was identified as a key regulator of ciliogenesis.
Confined cells developed dorsal primary cilia, while spread cells showed ventral-oriented nucleus-centrosome axes and inhibited ciliogenesis due to ventral actin contractility.

Conclusions:

Cell geometrical confinement influences cell polarity by modulating actin network architecture.
This modulation of cell polarity regulates basal body positioning and primary cilium growth.
Cell shape and confinement are critical factors controlling ciliogenesis, independent of cell cycle exit alone.