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Related Concept Videos

Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death
07:34

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death

Published on: April 24, 2011

Apoptosis imaging: beyond annexin V.

Gang Niu1, Xiaoyuan Chen

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. niug@mail.nih.gov

Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
|October 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Assessing tumor response to chemotherapy early is crucial. This review explores advanced imaging techniques to visualize apoptosis, aiding clinical decisions for cancer patients.

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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells
13:53

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells

Published on: August 26, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death
07:34

Modified Annexin V/Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Assay For Accurate Assessment of Cell Death

Published on: April 24, 2011

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells
13:53

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Apoptotic Biomarkers in Actinomycin D-Treated SiHa Cervical Cancer Cells

Published on: August 26, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Cell Death Research

Background:

  • Chemotherapy induces tumor cell death primarily through apoptosis.
  • Early assessment of chemotherapy response is vital for patient management and quality of life.
  • Current imaging methods for apoptosis, like radiolabeled annexin V, are not yet clinically viable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review alternative imaging techniques for visualizing key apoptosis markers.
  • To highlight the potential of these methods for identifying new therapeutic targets.
  • To discuss the development of specific apoptosis-detecting imaging probes for clinical use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on apoptosis imaging techniques.
  • Focus on methods visualizing phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential.
  • Discussion of the translational potential of these imaging modalities.

Main Results:

  • Several alternative imaging techniques show promise for visualizing apoptosis.
  • These methods can detect early signs of tumor response to therapy.
  • The development of targeted apoptosis imaging probes is advancing.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative imaging of apoptosis offers significant potential for improving clinical decision-making in apoptosis-related diseases.
  • Further research into novel molecular targets and specific imaging probes is warranted.
  • Advanced apoptosis imaging could revolutionize cancer patient care and treatment strategies.