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Decision Making

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast, controlled...

Uncertainty: Overview

Uncertainty: Overview

In analytical chemistry, we often perform repetitive measurements to detect and minimize inaccuracies caused by both determinate and indeterminate errors. Despite the cares we take, the presence of random errors means that repeated measurements almost never have exactly the same magnitude. The collective difference between these measurements - observed values - and the estimated or expected value is called uncertainty. Uncertainty is conventionally written after the estimated or expected value.

Decision Making: P-value Method

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses: a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...

Decision Making: Traditional Method

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...

Reason and Intuition

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

Redefining decision: implications for managing risk and uncertainty.

¹Institute for Development Policy and Management University of Manchester Crawford House Precinct Centre Oxford Rd. Manchester M13 9QS UK.

|October 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Standard risk analysis fails for ill-defined, potentially disastrous outcomes. A new paradigm models decisions as building commitment to manage unknown consequences, offering better tools for climate change and catastrophic technology regulation.

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Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

Published on: September 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Decision science
Risk management
Environmental policy

Background:

Traditional risk analysis relies on defined outcomes and probabilities.
This model is insufficient for complex, uncertain, and potentially catastrophic scenarios.
Conflicting objectives and subjective probabilities further complicate standard approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose an alternative risk analysis paradigm for consequential decisions.
To introduce the concept of 'unmanageability' as a key decision criterion.
To develop improved decision tools for disaster-vulnerable areas.

Main Methods:

Conceptual modeling of consequential decisions.
Focus on commitment to action and managing unknown consequences.
Introduction of 'unmanageability' as a metric for assessing potential risks.

Main Results:

Identified limitations of the standard probability-weighted cost-benefit analysis.
Proposed a new framework emphasizing commitment and consequence management.
Highlighted 'unmanageability' as a critical factor in high-stakes decision-making.

Conclusions:

The proposed paradigm offers a more robust approach to risk analysis in complex situations.
This framework can enhance decision-making for issues like climate change and catastrophic technologies.
New tools are needed to manage decisions with potentially severe, unmanageable consequences.