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Related Concept Videos

Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood
05:41

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

Published on: May 7, 2019

Nuclear emancipation: a platelet tour de force.

Sherry L Spinelli1, Sanjay B Maggirwar, Neil Blumberg

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Science Signaling
|October 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelets regulate their own activation through a newly discovered negative feedback loop involving transcription factors. This pathway, mediated by protein kinase A, limits excessive platelet responses, offering potential clinical applications.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood
05:41

Purification of Platelets from Mouse Blood

Published on: May 7, 2019

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers
05:43

An In Vitro Assay to Study Platelet Migration Using RGD-Functionalized Avidin-Biotin Tethers

Published on: November 8, 2024

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells
04:11

Nuclear Isolation from Cryopreserved In Vitro Derived Blood Cells

Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian platelets are anucleate cells crucial for hemostasis, inflammation, immunity, tumor progression, and thrombosis.
  • Platelets possess complex homeostatic mechanisms, including posttranscriptional and translational regulation of function.
  • Transcription factors within platelets play vital roles in nongenomic processes, though their function is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel negative feedback pathway regulating mammalian platelet activation.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying this regulatory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • The study focused on analyzing platelet activation pathways.
  • Investigated the role of transcription factors, specifically the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family.
  • Examined adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-independent protein kinase A activity in response to platelet stimulation.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for a previously unknown negative feedback pathway limiting platelet activation was found.
  • This pathway involves the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor family.
  • The pathway is mediated by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-independent protein kinase A activity.

Conclusions:

  • A novel negative feedback mechanism for limiting platelet activation has been identified.
  • Transcription factors play a critical, albeit nascently understood, role in mammalian platelet biology.
  • This discovery holds promise for understanding platelet function and developing clinical applications.