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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Conjugated Polymers Atypically Prepared in Water.

Michael A Invernale1, Samuel A Pendergraph, Mustafa S Yavuz

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 N. Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269.

Journal of Polymer Science. Part A, Polymer Chemistry
|October 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a greener, cheaper method for processing conducting polymers using soluble precursors converted electrochemically in aqueous media. This precursor method improves yield and allows for environmentally friendly conversion in brine, beneficial for various applications.

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Processability is a key challenge hindering the widespread adoption of conducting polymer technology.
  • Current methods for synthesizing conducting polymers often involve complex, costly, and environmentally unfriendly processes.
  • Developing accessible and sustainable routes to processable conducting polymers is crucial for technological advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple synthetic route for processable precursors to conducting polymers (main chain and side chain).
  • To investigate the electrochemical conversion of these precursors into conjugated polymers in aqueous media.
  • To evaluate the potential of using brine for a more environmentally friendly and cost-effective processing step.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of soluble precursor polymers using commercially available materials.
  • Electrochemical oxidative conversion of precursor polymers in aqueous media, including brine.
  • Evaluation of the electronic, spectral, and morphological properties of the resulting electrochromic polymers.

Main Results:

  • A straightforward synthetic route yielded processable precursor systems for conducting polymers.
  • Electrochemical conversion in aqueous media, including brine, produced electrochromic conjugated polymers.
  • The precursor method demonstrated enhanced polymer yield and a less corruptible electrolyte bath compared to direct electrodeposition.
  • Conversion in brine offers a cheaper, greener, and potentially biologically compatible processing alternative.

Conclusions:

  • The developed precursor method provides a viable, greener, and more economical route to processable conducting polymers.
  • Electrochemical conversion in aqueous media, particularly brine, is an effective and sustainable processing strategy.
  • The findings pave the way for broader implementation of conducting polymer technology in various applications, including biological ones.