Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...

Muscles that Move the Head

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

Veins of Head and Neck

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

General Case of Eccentric Axial Loading

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from symmetrical bending, which are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions.
Consider a member subjected to equal and opposite forces that are applied along a line that does not coincide with the member's neutral axis. In unsymmetrical bending,...

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An Analysis of Guardian Cap Use and Changes in the Concussion Rate in National Football League Preseason Practices From 2018 to 2023.

The American journal of sports medicine·2025

Same author

Tackle Techniques and Characteristics Associated With a Concussion in Tackling Players in the National Football League.

The American journal of sports medicine·2025

Same author

Measuring Head Acceleration Like a CHAMP.

Journal of athletic training·2022

Same author

Consensus Head Acceleration Measurement Practices (CHAMP): Origins, Methods, Transparency and Disclosure.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2022

Same author

Best Practices for Conducting Physical Reconstructions of Head Impacts in Sport.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2022

Same author

An omni-directional model of injury risk in planar crashes with application for autonomous vehicles.

Traffic injury prevention·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Head and neck loading in everyday and vigorous activities.

James R Funk¹, Joseph M Cormier, Charles E Bain

¹Biodynamic Research Corporation, 5711 University Heights Blvd., San Antonio, TX 78249, USA. jfunk@brconline.com

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|October 21, 2010

Summary

This study measured head and neck forces during everyday activities in 20 volunteers. Results show forces were generally safe, though some rotational accelerations exceeded proposed limits without causing injury.

More Related Videos

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Published on: January 13, 2026

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets

Published on: February 19, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

A Test Bed to Examine Helmet Fit and Retention and Biomechanical Measures of Head and Neck Injury in Simulated Impact

Published on: September 21, 2017

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Impact Mitigation in Modern Football Helmets: Advances and Limitations of Position-Specific Designs

Published on: January 13, 2026

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets

Modified Drop Tower Impact Tests for American Football Helmets

Published on: February 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Human Movement Analysis
Injury Prevention

Background:

Understanding head and neck loading is crucial for injury prevention.
Previous research often focuses on high-impact or sports-related injuries, with less data on everyday activities.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify head and neck loading experienced by individuals during common, non-injurious physical activities.
To establish a baseline of head and neck forces encountered in daily life.

Main Methods:

Twenty representative volunteers participated in seven distinct scenarios, including impacts, drops, and self-imposed movements.
Head accelerations and neck loads were measured using specialized equipment.
Activities ranged from controlled stimuli to self-selected intensity tasks.

Main Results:

Measured head accelerations reached up to 31 g and rotational accelerations up to 2888 rad/s².
Neck loads included posterior shear (268 N), compression (526 N), and extension (36 Nm).
Most established injury criteria indicated a low risk, despite some rotational values exceeding proposed limits.

Conclusions:

The recorded head and neck loading represents a common envelope of forces with minimal injury risk.
Data provides valuable insights into non-injurious head and neck biomechanics during everyday activities.
Further research may refine injury tolerance limits based on these findings.