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Pulmonary vascular lesions are common in SIV- and SHIV-env-infected macaques

M Patricia George1, Alexandra Brower, Heather Kling

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. georgemp2@upmc.edu

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|October 22, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Researchers studied primate models to understand HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH). Macaques infected with SIV or SHIV-env developed pulmonary vascular changes, offering a new model for HIV-PAH research.

Area of Science:

  • Primate immunology
  • Vascular pathology
  • Infectious disease research

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) lacks adequate animal models, hindering research.
  • Previous studies showed HIV-PAH in macaques infected with SIV or SHIV containing HIV-1 Nef.
  • Other primate models for HIV-PAH have not been thoroughly investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document and describe pulmonary vascular changes in macaques infected with SIV or SHIV-env.
  • To establish a new primate model for studying HIV-PAH.
  • To investigate factors contributing to HIV-PAH development.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy lung tissue analysis from 13 SHIV-env-infected and 10 SIV-infected macaques.
  • Histopathological examination of pulmonary arteries for lesions like hyperplasia and plexiform lesions.
  • Comparison of pathological findings with normal monkey lung tissue.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary artery hyperplasia was observed in 62% of SHIV-env-infected macaques and 36% of SIV-infected macaques.
  • Intimal and medial smooth muscle cell hyperplasia were the predominant lesions in medium and large pulmonary arteries.
  • This study reports pulmonary vascular lesions in SHIV-env macaques for the first time, confirming prior findings in SIV-infected macaques.

Conclusions:

  • SHIV-env-infected macaques develop pulmonary arteriopathy, establishing a novel model for HIV-PAH research.
  • The presence of pulmonary arteriopathy in SHIV-env models (without HIV-nef) suggests non-Nef factors may contribute to HIV-PAH.
  • This research provides a valuable new avenue for investigating the mechanisms of HIV-PAH.

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