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Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those diagnosed.

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Personality Disorders: Schizotypal and Histrionic

Schizotypal personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder are two distinct psychological conditions classified under personality disorders, each characterized by unique behavioral patterns and social difficulties. Both disorders significantly affect interpersonal relationships and emotional well-being, leading to social isolation and frustration.
Schizotypal Personality Disorder: Eccentric Behavior and Social Withdrawal
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Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality Disorders: Paranoid and Schizoid

Personality disorders represent enduring cognition, affect, and behavior patterns that significantly deviate from societal norms. These maladaptive traits often lead to difficulties in various domains, including interpersonal relationships, occupational settings, and overall psychological well-being. Paranoid personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder are two distinct conditions marked by odd or eccentric behavior.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Subjectivity and severe psychiatric disorders.

¹Yale University School of Medicine, 50 Burton Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA. john.strauss@yale.edu

Schizophrenia Bulletin

|October 22, 2010

Summary

A comprehensive human science in mental health requires integrating subjective patient experiences alongside objective data. Narrative and arts-based methods are crucial for fully understanding complex psychiatric conditions.

Area of Science:

Mental health
Human science
Psychiatric disorders

Background:

Historically, mental health research has often neglected subjective patient experiences.
Traditional physical science methodologies struggle to capture the complexity of subjective human experience.
Incomplete data from subjective experiences hinders research, theory, and treatment in mental health.

Purpose of the Study:

To advocate for the integration of subjective data in mental health research.
To highlight the limitations of current methods in capturing the depth of human experience.
To propose the use of narrative and arts-based approaches to enhance understanding.

Main Methods:

Recognizing the need for dual knowledge systems: discursive and experiential.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Published on: March 8, 2018

Employing narrative and arts-based approaches to capture subjective data.

Integrating subjective data into research, training, theory, and practice.

Main Results:

Subjective data, including emotional and cognitive aspects of experiences like auditory hallucinations, are often inadequately represented.
Current approaches fall short in reflecting the full nature and complexity of subjective experiences.
A more complete human science necessitates valuing and incorporating subjective data.

Conclusions:

A true human science in mental health requires adequate attention to both objective and subjective data.
Narrative and arts-based methods are essential for adequately representing subjective experiences.
Integrating subjective data is vital for advancing mental health research, theory, and treatment.