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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. This involves participation of a series of enzymes including— E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...

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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
14:08

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research

Published on: September 9, 2017

Autophagy in protists.

Michael Duszenko1, Michael L Ginger, Ana Brennand

  • 1Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Autophagy
|October 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular degradation process, is crucial in protists, with its machinery evolving alongside diverse lifestyles. Pathogenic protists exploit autophagy, offering potential drug targets for new therapies.

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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for degrading cellular components via lysosomes.
  • Initially recognized for nutrient recycling in starvation, autophagy is now known to regulate differentiation, organelle turnover, and host defense.
  • Recent discoveries have elucidated the complex molecular machinery and protein-lipid interactions governing autophagy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and functional diversification of autophagy in protists.
  • To explore the role of autophagy in the pathogenicity of parasitic protists.
  • To identify potential drug targets based on unique autophagy mechanisms in protists.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative bioinformatics analysis of genomic data.
  • Review of experimental studies on autophagy in various protist species.
  • Examination of molecular components and interactomes of the autophagic machinery.

Main Results:

  • The canonical autophagy machinery predates the divergence of major eukaryotic lineages.
  • Protist lineages exhibit significant modifications, including loss or elaboration, of autophagy pathways, linked to lifestyle adaptations.
  • Pathogenic protists utilize or manipulate host autophagy for infection, highlighting its essentiality in parasitism.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy in protists is ancient and has undergone lineage-specific adaptations.
  • The manipulation of host autophagy by pathogenic protists presents novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Understanding protist autophagy provides insights into eukaryotic evolution and potential drug discovery avenues.