Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2026
05:17
Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
Published on: November 11, 2014
Factors explaining children's responses to intravenous needle insertions
Ann Marie McCarthy1, Charmaine Kleiber, Kirsten Hanrahan
1College of Nursing, University of Iowa Health Care, Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
Nursing Research
|October 22, 2010
Summary
Parents coaching distraction effectively reduced child distress during medical procedures. This study highlights the link between parent coaching and improved child coping, identifying children at risk for distress.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Psychology
- Child Health Interventions
- Behavioral Medicine
Background:
- Child distress during medical procedures is influenced by child, parent, and procedural factors.
- Cognitive-behavioral interventions, like distraction, are recognized for their efficacy in managing pediatric pain and distress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate child, parent, and procedural variables influencing child distress during intravenous insertions.
- Specifically examined the role of parents as distraction coaches for their children.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 542 children (4-10 years) and their parents participated.
- Data collected included child characteristics, temperament, anxiety, coping, pain sensitivity, parent factors, and procedural details.
- Children's distress was measured behaviorally, biologically (salivary cortisol), and via self-report and parent report.
Main Results:
- Child age, coping style, and parental expectations predicted distress across multiple measures.
- Parental distraction coaching significantly reduced behavioral, biological, and parent-reported distress.
- Child impulsivity and need for special assistance correlated with self-reported pain.
Conclusions:
- Parental distraction coaching is a key factor in mitigating child distress during procedures.
- Findings aid in identifying children susceptible to high procedural distress.
- This research establishes a novel link between child behavioral distress and the quality of parent distraction coaching.
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