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Related Concept Videos

Polar Coordinates01:24

Polar Coordinates

The polar coordinate system offers an alternative to the Cartesian coordinate system for specifying points in a plane, using a distance and an angle instead of x and y coordinates. This system is particularly advantageous in situations involving circular or rotational symmetry, such as in physics or engineering problems involving waves, oscillations, or orbital paths.Defining Polar CoordinatesIn polar coordinates, a point is represented as P(r, ��), where r is the radial distance from a fixed...
Group Polarization01:01

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
Polar Equations of Conics01:29

Polar Equations of Conics

A conic section can be defined in polar coordinates as the set of all points whose distance from a fixed point, known as the focus, bears a constant ratio to their distance from a fixed line, known as the directrix. This constant ratio is called the eccentricity. This definition unifies all types of conic sections—ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas—under a single framework. When the focus is positioned at the origin of the polar coordinate system, a single polar equation can describe any conic...
Reflective Property of Parabolas01:26

Reflective Property of Parabolas

A parabola is a basic type of conic section that results from the intersection of a plane with a double-napped cone in a direction parallel to one of the cone's sides. This U-shaped curve has a distinctive reflective property: all incoming rays parallel to its axis of symmetry are directed toward a single point, known as the focus. This property is widely utilized in optical and communication technologies that require precise signal concentration.In analytic geometry, a parabola is defined as...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
Polar and Cylindrical Coordinates01:22

Polar and Cylindrical Coordinates

The Cartesian coordinate system is a very convenient tool to use when describing the displacements and velocities of objects and the forces acting on them. However, it becomes cumbersome when we need to describe the rotation of objects. So, when describing rotation, the polar coordinate system is generally used.

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A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

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Polarization conversion cube-corner retroreflector.

Karlton Crabtree1, Russell Chipman

  • 1College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1630 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0094, USA. kcrabtree@optics.arizona.edu

Applied Optics
|October 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polarization conversion cube-corner retroreflectors require nonisotropic surfaces for 90° polarization rotation. Implementations using subwavelength gratings are explored, demonstrating practical designs for this optical component.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cube-corner retroreflectors are optical devices that reflect light back to its source.
  • Polarization conversion is crucial for various optical applications, including imaging and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of creating polarization-converting cube-corner retroreflectors.
  • To explore designs that achieve a 90° rotation of the incident electric field's major axis.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of isotropic versus nonisotropic reflecting surfaces for polarization conversion.
  • Design and simulation of cube corners with elliptical eigenstates.
  • Investigation of cube corners incorporating subwavelength gratings, specifically subwavelength surface relief phase gratings.

Main Results:

  • Polarization conversion cube-corner retroreflectors cannot be realized using only isotropic reflecting surfaces.
  • Nonisotropic reflecting surfaces are essential for achieving the desired polarization conversion.
  • Three distinct examples of cube corners utilizing subwavelength surface relief phase gratings were successfully designed.

Conclusions:

  • The development of polarization-converting cube-corner retroreflectors necessitates the use of nonisotropic materials or structures.
  • Subwavelength gratings offer a viable approach for fabricating these specialized retroreflectors.
  • The presented designs provide a foundation for practical implementation in optical systems requiring polarization control.