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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:

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The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry
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Published on: August 12, 2013

Reflected optical harmonics from dielectric mirrors.

T Tsang

    Applied Optics
    |October 22, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Second and third harmonic generation were observed from laser dielectric mirrors due to broken inversion symmetry at the surface. These optical effects can be significant in sensitive experiments.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Nonlinear Optics

    Background:

    • Dielectric coatings on laser mirrors are typically centrosymmetric.
    • Inversion symmetry is broken at the dielectric-air interface.
    • This symmetry breaking enables nonlinear optical phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate optical second and third harmonic generation in reflection from laser dielectric mirrors.
    • To understand the role of surface symmetry breaking in harmonic generation.
    • To assess the significance of these effects in experimental settings.

    Main Methods:

    • Using commercially available laser dielectric mirrors.
    • Employing intense femtosecond laser pulses.
    • Reflecting laser pulses off the mirrors and detecting generated harmonics.

    Main Results:

    • Second-harmonic generation was detected due to the broken inversion symmetry at the dielectric-air interface.
    • Third-harmonic generation, originating from the bulk, accentuated second-harmonic generation at high laser fluences (∼10 GW/cm(2)).
    • Observed harmonic generation was non-negligible in some sensitive experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • Surface symmetry breaking is crucial for second-harmonic generation from dielectric mirrors.
    • Bulk third-harmonic generation can enhance surface second-harmonic generation.
    • The generated optical harmonics are a relevant consideration for precision optical experiments.