Integrated optics pockels cell-choice of crystal cut and waveguide orientation

Several benefits are realized when one chooses az-propagating waveguide in a y-cut substrate of lithiumniobate for use in an integrated optics Pockels cell: (1)waveguide can be biased by controlling its length; (2) polarizationstate is nearly uniform over the entire outputplane of the waveguide; (3) temperature change does notsignificantly affect the bias of the waveguide; (4) opticaldamage is negligible; and (5) waveguide fabrication is very simple.