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High-efficiency input coupling into optical waveguides using gratings with double-surface corrugation.

J C Brazas, L Li, A L McKeon

|October 22, 2010

Summary

Researchers developed advanced waveguide grating couplers with high efficiency. These couplers achieve over 98% branching ratios and near-theoretical input-coupling efficiency for optical devices.

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Nanofabrication
Integrated Photonics

Background:

Waveguide grating couplers are essential components in integrated photonic circuits.
Efficient light coupling into waveguides is critical for device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate and characterize novel waveguide grating couplers with improved performance.
To investigate the impact of waveguide thickness and grating lateral shift on coupling efficiency.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of waveguide grating couplers via high-vacuum deposition onto etched gratings.
Controlled lateral shift between gratings achieved by substrate tilting during deposition.
Systematic examination of varying waveguide thicknesses and their effect on performance metrics.

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Main Results:

Achieved branching ratios exceeding 98%.
Demonstrated input-coupling efficiencies approaching the theoretical limit for Gaussian beams.
Correlated waveguide thickness and lateral shift with observed performance.

Conclusions:

The developed fabrication method enables highly efficient waveguide grating couplers.
Precise control over grating geometry is key to optimizing light coupling.
These couplers offer significant advancements for integrated optical systems.