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Invasive pneumococcal diseases among hospitalized children in Lima, Peru

Theresa J Ochoa1, Martha Egoavil, María E Castillo

  • 1Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. theresaj.ochoa@uth.tmc.edu

Revista Panamericana De Salud Publica = Pan American Journal of Public Health
|October 22, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Peruvian children shows high antibiotic resistance and fatality, particularly in infants. This study provides crucial baseline data for vaccine impact evaluation.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant global health concern, especially in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding the local epidemiology, antibiotic susceptibility, and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae is crucial for effective disease control and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the epidemiology of IPD in pediatric patients in Lima, Peru.
  • To analyze the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of S. pneumoniae isolates.
  • To identify the prevalent serotypes causing IPD in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A 2-year multicenter passive surveillance study was conducted in Lima, Peru.
  • Involved pediatric patients (<16 years) with S. pneumoniae isolated from sterile sites.
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing (Etest®) and serotyping (Quellung reaction) were performed.

Main Results:

  • 101 IPD episodes were documented, predominantly in children under 24 months (68.3%).
  • Pneumonia (47.5%) and meningitis (38.6%) were the most common diagnoses, with a high overall case fatality rate (22.0%), especially for meningitis (32.4%).
  • High resistance rates were observed for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (76.2%), erythromycin (24.8%), and penicillin (22.8%). Serotypes 14, 6B, 19F, 23F, and 5 were most common and associated with penicillin resistance.

Conclusions:

  • IPD in hospitalized children in Lima is characterized by high antimicrobial resistance and a significant case fatality rate, particularly in young children.
  • The identified serotype distribution and resistance patterns provide essential baseline data.
  • This information is vital for assessing the future impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in Peru.
Abstract

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