Hyperproliferation markers in ear canal epidermis
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Updated: Jun 7, 2026

High-throughput Imaging and Analysis Workflow for Evaluating Skin Cell Phenotypes and Proliferation States in Tissue Samples
Published on: October 31, 2025
João Daniel Caliman e Gurgel1, Siqueira Barbosa Pereira, Adriana Leal Alves
1School of Medical Sciences of the Santa Casa de São Paulo hospital.
Unlabelled:
Several studies involving immunohistochemical methods to assess external auditory canal epidermis have been performed with different objectives. With this method it is possible to assess the expression of various antigens such as cytokeratins, cytokines, and hyperproliferation markers among others.
Aim:
to revise, describe and analyze the knowledge generated by identifiable papers published on the worldwide literature about immunohistochemical hyperproliferation markers in normal external auditory canal epidermis.
Materials And Methods:
systematic review of the papers published until 2009, in indexed international journals.
Results:
Various antigens related to hyperproliferation were investigated by immunohistochemical methods among the included papers. The most studied ones were cytokeratin 16, Ki-67 and PCNA.
Conclusions:
most of the studies utilized external auditory canal epidermis as control sample to study external ear or middle ear cholesteatoma with immunohistochemical methods. There is a hyperproliferative antigen concentration, such as CK16, Ki-67 and PCNA, in the annulus tympanicus, adjacent meatus and tympanic regions, mainly in the lower areas.
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